Table of Contents
What does the estrogen receptor beta do?
ERβ may inhibit cell proliferation and opposes the actions of ERα in reproductive tissue. ERβ may also have an important role in adaptive function of the lung during pregnancy. ERβ is a potent tumor suppressor and plays a crucial role in many cancer types such as prostate cancer and ovarian cancer.
Is estrogen receptor a biomarker?
In addition to the classical clinical prognostic factors of breast cancer, established molecular biomarkers such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor have played a significant role in the selection of patients benefiting from endocrine therapy for many years.
What type of receptor is the estrogen receptor?
nuclear receptors
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are members of the superfamily class of nuclear receptors located in either the cell cytoplasm or nucleus and which function as transcription factors (Lovejoy, 2005).
What is estrogen receptor beta agonist?
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they activate or repress the transcription of a large number of genes, thus modulating critical …
Is HER2 a biomarker?
HER2 status is an important biomarker in guiding personalized HER2 therapy. Per Med.
What neoadjuvant chemotherapy means?
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment where chemotherapy drugs are administered before surgical extraction of the tumor. Your doctor may recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy to shrink the breast cancer tumor to give him or her more surgical options for your care.
What are the two types of estrogen?
There are three major forms of estrogen:
- Estrone (E1) is the primary form of estrogen that your body makes after menopause.
- Estradiol (E2) is the primary form of estrogen in your body during your reproductive years. It’s the most potent form of estrogen.
- Estriol (E3) is the primary form of estrogen during pregnancy.
What are ER PR and HER2?
ER = estrogen receptor, Her2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, PR = progesterone receptor.
What is the difference between HER2-positive and HER2-negative?
Breast cancer cells with higher than normal levels of HER2 are called HER2-positive. These cancers tend to grow and spread faster than breast cancers that are HER2-negative, but are much more likely to respond to treatment with drugs that target the HER2 protein.
What type of receptor is estrogen receptor?
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are members of the superfamily class of nuclear receptors located in either the cell cytoplasm or nucleus and which function as transcription factors (Lovejoy, 2005).
What is the mechanism of action of tamoxifen?
Tamoxifen (TAM) is known to have a dual mechanism of action: (1) to compete with 17β-estradiol (E2) at the receptor site and to block the promotional role of E2 in breast cancer; and (2) to bind DNA after metabolic activation and to initiate carcinogenesis.
What are the types of estrogen receptors?
The estrogen receptor has three subtypes; estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), which belong to nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1, also known as GPR30), which mediate all of estrogens effects, and the expression of each receptor is largely …
What causes her 2 positive?
This is caused by a mutation in the HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) gene. When the HER2 gene mutates, it causes cells in the breast to grow and divide at an uncontrolled rate, leading to tumor growth.
What causes HER2 mutation?
HER2-positive breast cancer is not inherited. Instead, it’s considered a somatic genetic mutation. This type of mutation occurs after conception. Having a close relative with HER2-positive breast cancer does not increase your risk for breast cancer or HER2-positive breast cancer.
What is estrogen receptor alpha phosphorylation?
Estrogen receptor alpha phosphorylation and its functional impact in human breast cancer Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis in various tissues.
What is estrogen receptor α (ERα)?
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis in various tissues. Sustained exposure to estrogen/estradiol (E2) increases the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers.
Do single phosphorylation sites affect ERα function in breast cancer?
Results from these studies demonstrate that even changes to single ERα phosphorylation sites can have a profound impact on ERα function in breast cancer.