Table of Contents
What does CSF look like with aseptic meningitis?
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with aseptic meningitis classically are described as elevated white blood cell counts with a predominance of lymphocytes, but polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells may predominate early in the course of the disease.
What is Mollaret’s meningitis?
Mollaret’s meningitis is a rare form of benign, recurrent aseptic meningitis characterized by the appearance of a particular mononuclear cell in the CSF during the first few days of the illness. The syndrome was first described by the French physician Mollaret in 1944.
Is Mollaret’s meningitis rare?
Mollaret’s meningitis is a rare type of chronic, recurrent, lymphocytic meningitis, often caused by infection with Herpes Simplex virus type 2.
Does Mollaret’s meningitis go away?
Mollaret meningitis is not common. It has been shown to usually resolve after three to five years, but it can continue for longer than that. Early treatment may improve the outcome. In many people, the effects are temporary.
How is non infectious meningitis diagnosed?
Noninfectious meningitis is possible when the fluid contains excess white blood cells (indicating inflammation) and does not contain any bacteria that could be the cause. Then other tests are done to identify infectious organisms other than bacteria, such as viruses and fungi in the cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the rarest type of meningitis?
Fungal meningitis is a rare type of meningitis. It’s caused by a fungus that infects your body and then spreads from your bloodstream to your brain or spinal cord. People with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop fungal meningitis. This includes people with cancer or HIV.
What does CSF show in viral meningitis?
Typical Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Various Types of Meningitis
| Test | Bacterial | Viral |
|---|---|---|
| White blood cell count | ≥1,000 per mm3 | <100 per mm3 |
| Cell differential | Predominance of PMNs* | Predominance of lymphocytes† |
| Protein | Mild to marked elevation | Normal to elevated |
| CSF-to-serum glucose ratio | Normal to marked decrease | Usually normal |
What is the normal range of CSF?
Normal Results CSF total protein: 15 to 60 mg/100 mL. Gamma globulin: 3% to 12% of the total protein. CSF glucose: 50 to 80 mg/100 mL (or greater than two thirds of blood sugar level) CSF cell count: 0 to 5 white blood cells (all mononuclear), and no red blood cells.
What are the CSF findings in viral meningitis?
* In most cases of viral meningitis, the CSF WBC is within the range of 10 to 500 cells/microL, though higher values can be seen with some viruses. Normal CSF WBC counts can be seen in enteroviral meningitis, particularly in young infants.
What are the 3 findings in CSF diagnostic for bacterial meningitis?
According to Seupaul, the following three findings on CSF analysis have clinically useful likelihood ratios for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in adults : CSF glucose−to−blood glucose ratio of 0.4 or lower. CSF WBC count of 500/µL or higher. CSF lactate level of 31.53 mg/dL or higher.
What is normal IgG index CSF?
The numbers 369 and 230 are the average normal serum: CSF ratios for IgG and albumin, respectively….Multiple Sclerosis Panel.
| Test | Reference Range |
|---|---|
| Gamma Globulins | 1.1 – 5.5 mg/dL |
| IgG/Albumin ratio | 0.066 – 0.270 |
| IgG index | 0.0 – 0.7 mg/dL |
| Oligoclonal bands | Absent |
How many WBC in CSF is normal?
Normal CSF may contain up to 5 WBCs per mm3 in adults and 20 WBCs per mm3 in newborns. Eighty-seven percent of patients with bacterial meningitis will have a WBC count higher than 1,000 per mm,3 while 99 percent will have more than 100 per mm3.
What is a high IgG index?
A CSF IgG index measures the levels of IgG in your cerebrospinal fluid. High levels of IgG can mean you have an autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder causes your immune system to attack healthy cells, tissues, and/or organs by mistake. These disorders can cause serious health problems.
What is Mollaret’s meningitis?
Mollaret’s meningitis is an uncommon subtype of aseptic meningitis characterized by recurrent episodes of meningismus [1]. Classically, patients present with subacute to acute onset of fever with head and neck pain that may be accompanied by neurologic deficits.
Is there a relationship between NSAIDs and Mollaret’s meningitis?
In addition, a causal relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and Mollaret’s meningitis has been proposed, suggesting an NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reaction that affects the meninges [15]. However, this patient did not use NSAIDs prior to either episode, making a mechanism involving this agent unlikely.
Can Mollaret’s meningitis be treated with acyclovir?
Given his prior noninfectious aseptic meningitis and symptom-free interval, Mollaret’s meningitis was suspected and empiric treatment for herpes simplex viruses (HSV) encephalitis with acyclovir was deferred.
What are the symptoms of full-blown recurrent viral meningitis (Mollaret’s meningitis)?
Symptoms full-blown recurrent viral meningitis (Mollaret’s meningitis) include 20): Some people experience temporary neurological symptoms, such as 21): Each recurrence of meningitis increases the risk for a person to develop permanent neurological problems or disability, which occur in about half of people with Mollaret’s meningitis.